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Computers [@, #]
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Programming Languages [@, #]
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Lisp [@, #]
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LISP VX, A Subset of LISP 1.5 [@, IA, IS]
I have only read about Lisp 1.5, and never seen a real implementation in action (besides retro-fitted implementations in Lisps or my own in Prolog). Evalquote in the REPL and Fexpr clearly make this stand out against modern Lisp implementations, which arguably is anything since about the late 1960s.
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Screamer, a CL extension for nondeterminism (source) [@, IA, IS]
This library from the 90s allows for Prolog style backtracking and choice operations, with support for side effects.
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Book "LISP style & design" (source) [@, IA, IS]
A book on Lisp style that was written by Lucid developers.
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Man pages for Scheme [@, IA, IS]
While wrong on some cultural level, when in Unix do as Eunuchs do --- but seriously it is interesting because it documents multiple revisions of Scheme and mentions differences. And generally it is worthwhile to have documentation in a native format instead of just PDFs (though note that R7RS specifically also has an updated version in HTML).
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APL Family [@, #]
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ngn/k tutorial [@, IA, IS]
A neat tutorial introducing the K programming language. It strikes a good balance between not being too slow or too fast. It is written for ngn/k (superseded by growler/k), which implements K6.
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ArrayCast [@, IA, IS]
A podcast about the array programming languages
They have a large number of episodes with multiple hosts and many guests talking mostly about Iversonian languages.
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Zoo of Array Languages [@, IA, IS]
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Remembering APL [@, IA, IS]
Noteworty due to the discussion on the origin of the APL charachter set.
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APL Quest [@, IA, IS]
A collection of "APL practice problems", that seem elegantly solvable using other array languages as well.
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Prolog [@, #]
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ML Family [@, #]
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Haskell [@, #]
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Pointfree refactoring tool [@, IA, IS]
A command-line tool to transform arbitrary Haskell expressions including lambda abstractions to a point-free version. A version of this tool is also available as an online service: https://pointfree.io/.
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Dao of Functional Programming [@, IA, IS]
An introduction both to Haskell and Category Theory by Bartosz Milewski, that I wish I had found when I was first learning Haskell and trying to get into the theory behind it. To my understanding, this shouldn't be confused with this Category Theory for Programmers (book) series of blog posts.
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SOSML: The Online Interpreter for Standard ML [@, IA, IS]
A SML interpreter written in TypeScript. It appears to be used or have been used in an introductory course to programming at the Saarland university.
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Forth [@, #]
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An Attempt at a Compelling Articulation of Forth's Practical Strengths and Eternal Usefulness [@, IA, IS]
An high-level argument for Forth, mainly from the perspective of bootstrap-ability. While well written, it fails to make the argument how Forth can scale to larger systems.
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Smalltalk [@, #]
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UNIX Needs A True Integrated Environment: CASE Closed (source) [@, IA, IS]
This is the interesting snippet involving Smalltalk (though
xargsshould have existed at the time):To observe a simple example of using existing UNIX applications directly, imagine wanting to locate a list of files with
findand then to useegrepto search each of them for a pattern. Doing this through the shell requires manipulating the output offind(which produces each filename on a separate line) into the syntactic form required byegrep(in which all the files appear on the command line). However, a (hypothetical) Smalltalk-80 program could perform this function with no trouble:(UnixShell execute: 'find. -name \*.text -print') asLines collect: [:fileName | (UnixShell execute: 'egrep smerglitch', fileName) asLines]In contrast to the shell (even extended by
awk), which limits the interactive user to processing strings, the Smalltalk-80 environment allows the user to apply the full power of a programming language to the input and output of existing applications. -
Early History of Smalltalk [@, IA, IS]
A HTML redition of an article by Alan Kay, going into the influences and ideas one knows (Sketchpad, Logo, Dynabook, ...) that one would know of from his other presentations.
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TeX [@, #]
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Erlang [@, #]
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ALGOL [@, #]
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The Essence of Algol [@, IA, IS]
This is where Reynolds introduces "Idealized ALGOL", that serves as the prototype of what most members of the language family behave like.
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C [@, #]
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Assembly [@, #]
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Easy RISC-V [@, IA, IS]
The standout feature of this introduction to RISC-V (or assembly languages in general) is that all the examples have an interactive stepping debugger that you can use to understand what all the commands do.
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Rocq [@, #]
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Coq Tactics overview [@, IA, IS]
This is a better version of some notes I made a few years ago.
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Coq Tactics in Plain English [@, IA, IS]
Along the same lines, but with more prose.
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Tricks in Coq [@, IA, IS]
Tagline: "Some tips, tricks, and features in Coq that are hard to discover." --- i.e. a collection of pointers to intermediate and more powerful Rocq features.
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Coq Library of Undecidability Proofs [@, IA, IS]
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Dictionary of Programming Languages [@, IA, IS]
An outdated list of programming languages, along with short descriptions, example code and links to further references.
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Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages [@, IA, IS]
A pretty exhaustive overview of programming languages and their influences. Apparently stale since 2020.
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Theoretical Computer Science [@, #]
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Algorithms [@, #]
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IDEA Instructions (source) [@, IA, IS]
This site presents overviews of popular algorithms in the style of IKEA manuals (i.e. without text, mostly pictures).
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Smallest and fastest sorting networks for a given number of inputs [@, IA, IS]
A nice visualization of sorting network for up to 32 inputs.
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Practical Approximation Algorithms Library [@, IA, IS]
A C++ library with implementations of approximations for problems like Knapsack, k-means clustering, scheduling, etc.
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Automata Theory [@, #]
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Cellular Automata [@, #]
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GOL in GOL in HOL [@, IA, IS]
This is accompanied by a Verified compilation into Conway's Game of Life.
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200 Problems in Formal Languages and Automata Theory [@, IA, IS]
See also the 2023 book by the same name by members of the Automata Theory group in Wausau. This version only lists the problems without further comments.
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Computability Theory [@, #]
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The Theory of Recursive Functions, Approaching its Centennial [@, IA, IS]
An article by Kleene written in 1980 (!) recounting and recapitulating many developments from the early days of computability theory.
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λ-Calculus: Then & Now [@, IA, IS]
A unusually styled and very detailed overview of the history and technical details in the development of the lambda calculus by Dana Scott.
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Unexpectedly Turing-complete [@, IA, IS]
A collection of (real-world, think
sed, OTF, Tetris, ...) systems that aren't obviously Turing-complete, together with links demonstrating the contrary.
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Programming Language Theory [@, #]
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Type Theory [@, #]
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Intuitionistic Type Theory [@, IA, IS]
Notes of a lecture series by Per-Martin Löf, given in 1980. While technical, as to be expected, it also has worthwhile comments on historical background and on the related philosophy of mathematics.
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On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the Justifications of the Logical Laws (source) [@, IA, IS]
A later transcript (apparently of a recording) on a similar presentation from 1983.
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How to implement dependent types in 80 lines of code (source) [@, IA, IS]
An implementation of the calculus of constructions (i.e. the type system of Rocq without inductive types) in OCaml using a mix of HOAS and De Bruijn indices.
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PSL Lab [@, IA, IS]
A nice overview of PL (and related) concepts, with short articles on the listed topics and references to other resources.
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Algebraic Effects and Handlers [@, IA, IS]
A series of lectures by Andrej Bauer at OPLSS'18 on Algebraic Effects using Eff. See also his paper What is algebraic about algebraic effects and handlers? and his lecture notes.
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Universal iota [@, IA, IS]
This is an intereting generalisation of the SKI calculus, that is just as expressive with a single combinator. It is the basis of esoteric languages like Zot.
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100 years of Zermelo’s axiom of choice: What was the problem with it? (Per Martin-Löf, 2006) [@, IA, IS]
This edited article by Martin-Löf (from MLTT) goes into the history and background of the Axiom of Choice, known from set theories like ZFC, and is accompanied by a formalisation in the Agda programming language.
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Scooping the Loop Snooper (source) [@, IA, IS]
"A proof that the Halting Problem is undecidable", written in the style of Dr Seuss.
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A tutorial on the universality and expressiveness of fold (source) [@, IA, IS]
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Compilers [@, #]
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Review of "Compiling with Continuations" [@, IA, IS]
Contrary to the claim in the article, the source code from the book can be found on GitHub.
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Hardware and Physical Systems [@, #]
Really anything that is not just software or inside a computer.
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ggwave: Tiny data-over-sound library [@, IA, IS]
I was looking for something like an audio-QR code, and a friend recommended me this. This is probably the closest attempt, but I would still like to find something that might be more quiet and a radio could "embed" in the background of a show to share links without robot-like sounds. But perhaps that doesn't work, because everyday microphones and speakers are restricted to audible frequencies?
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Sensor Watch [@, IA, IS]
"Sensor Watch is a board replacement for the classic Casio F‑91W wristwatch.", which among other things enables a Casio watch to generate TOTP tokens.
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Operating Systems [@, #]
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UNIX [@, #]
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UNIX for Beginners (1974) [@, IA, IS]
An interesting introduction to early UNIX by Kernighan. It is both noteworthy for the points it emphasises due to the specific time-period, but also as a perspective in how the file-system approach had to be explained at the time.
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Rich’s sh (POSIX shell) tricks (source) [@, IA, IS]
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The #! magic, details about the shebang/hash-bang mechanism [@, IA, IS]
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UNIX C Application Porting to AS/400 (source) [@, IA, IS]
In section 1.2 the document compares IBM's AS/400 to UNIX, giving a overview of how a dictinctly non-Unixoid system works.
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smolBSD [@, IA, IS]
A "meta-operating system" based on NetBSD that allows configuring a domain specific BSD build. It includes a few custom services like a HTTP and SSH server.
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MirageOS [@, IA, IS]
An operating system implemented in the OCaml. The group behind the project appear to be involved in writing a lot of infrastructure using OCaml, including a number of networking protocols such as a TCP/IP implementation
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History and Folklore [@, #]
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Some History of Functional Programming Languages [@, IA, IS]
An interesting document by David Turner (the inventor of Miranda, a precursor to Haskell). Especially of interest to me is the section on Lisp, where Turner quotes McCarthy on the early history of Lisp and how it did not have roots in the lambda calculus.
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The Discoveries of Continuations [@, IA, IS]
A historical overview of Continuations by John Reynolds, written 1993.
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RFC 1855: Netiquette Guidelines [@, IA, IS]
An interesting document from 1995, mixing both outdated technical details and still relevant today.
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Usenet History [@, IA, IS]
An account of how Usenet came to be, with a focus on the authorship of concrete implementations.
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World Wide Web [@, #]
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Software [@, #]
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Desktop [@, #]
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Mobile [@, #]
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Libre LibriVox Listener [@, IA, IS]
An unofficial Android application to search, download and listen to audio books from LibriVox.
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CoMaps [@, IA, IS]
A fork of Organic Maps (background).
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IronFox [@, IA, IS]
A continuation of Mull, which is a fork of Fennec that in turn is a fork of Firefox for Android. Just like Mull, it has more hardening out of the box. Main issue is that I don't like the logo.
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CLI/TUI [@, #]
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Emacs [@, #]
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Web [@, #]
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Unicode Character Recognition [@, IA, IS]
Think of this like DeTeXify but for Unicode.
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Digital Collections of the University of Michigan Library [@, IA, IS]
Various documents, pictures, etc. sorted into different categories. I specifically stumbled upon the Historical Math Collection, that includes a scanned copy of Principa.
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Retrocomputing [@, #]
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Networking [@, #]
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List of all TLDs [@, IA, IS]
A simple plain text file by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority listing all top level domains in alphabetical order!
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Mathematics [@, #]
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Logic [@, #]
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The Open Logic Text (Complete Build) [@, IA, IS]
This is a single PDF file including all the text by the Open Logic Project.
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A Lazy Logician's Guide to Linear Logic [@, IA, IS]
Very readable introduction (and more) to linear logic. Apparently the entire 200+ page document is entirely handwritten!
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Grokking the Sequent Calculus [@, IA, IS]
A "Functional Pearl" that introduces that λμμ̃-calculus as a term language for Genzen's sequent calculus.
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(The Cartoon Guide to) Löb's Theorem [@, IA, IS]
A powerpoint/comic sans-style introduction to Löb's Theorem including a proof in the same style.
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An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems [@, IA, IS]
Two books on Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, publicly available online.
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Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem [@, IA, IS]
A Wikipedia article that goes through Gödel's original completeness theorem, and tries to explain approaches and terminology that are not contemporary, instead of presenting the simplified proofs by Henkin or Hasenjaeger.
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Category Theory [@, #]
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Conceptual Mathematics: A First Introduction to Categories (source) [@, IA, IS]
I stumbled upon this book that I recall reading when getting into category theory, and that I forgot about but seemed like a good introduction to the topic (despite the joke that the best book is always the second book you read).
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A taste of category theory for Computer Scientists (source) [@, IA, IS]
A public draft of Pierce's book Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists. Compared to the actual book, it appears that the draft doesn't go into some topics such as F-Algebras.
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Philosophy [@, #]
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Theology and Religion [@, #]
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Early Christian Writings [@, IA, IS]
Besides being a site with a lot of links, I impressed by the level of detail and completness of the list of (pseudo) authors.
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Glossary of philosophy [@, IA, IS]
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Mono no aware [@, IA, IS]
A concept from Japanese philosophy, used to describe an awareness of the transience of things.
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Languages [@, #]
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Algospeak [@, IA, IS]
This is in interesting explanation for speech patterns one encounters online that seem forced (e.g. I found out about this after trying to figure out where the term "unalived" instead of "suicide" came from).
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Yale Grammatical Diversity Project English in North America [@, IA, IS]
Besides just being interesting, useful and well researched, it is always also just entertaining to see informal language analysed in such serious detail.
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Psychology [@, #]
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Notes on Managing ADHD [@, IA, IS]
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Cool People [@, IA, IS]
A cross-cultural analysis of what "to be cool" means and how it correlates to different attributes. I recall someone commenting that this is the last thing a cool person would write.
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Games [@, #]
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Art and Culture [@, #]
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Music [@, #]
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Hurt, Arlo Parks [@, IA, IS]
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Don't Squeeze My Sharmon, Charlie Walker [@, IA, IS]
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SIM-Karte, SSIO [@, IA, IS]
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Take Me Out, Franz Ferdinand [@, IA, IS]
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Archbishop Harold Holmes, Jack White [@, IA, IS]
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Ring the Alarm, Tenor Saw [@, IA, IS]
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Something About Her, Stephen Sanchez [@, IA, IS]
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The Long Black Veil, {Lefty Frizzell,Marijohn Wilkin} [@, IA, IS]
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Musseke, Marku Ribas (source) [@, IA, IS]
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Tajabone, Ismaël Lô [@, IA, IS]
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Billie Toppy, Men I Trust [@, IA, IS]
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LL Cool J, Leikeli47 [@, IA, IS]
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Screamin' The Blues, Oliver Nelson [@, IA, IS]
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16/25, Softcult [@, IA, IS]
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Seether, Veruca Salt [@, IA, IS]
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Schlaflos, Verifiziert [@, IA, IS]
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Ordinary Pleasure, Toro Y Moi [@, IA, IS]
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Who Is He and What Is He to You, Me'Shell Ndegeocello [@, IA, IS]
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Quoi, POiSON GiRL FRiEND [@, IA, IS]
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I Hope You Die, TTSSFU [@, IA, IS]
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Buddy, De La Soul [@, IA, IS]
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The Story Of An Artist, Daniel Johnston [@, IA, IS]
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Memories of You, Ben Webster [@, IA, IS]
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Hit My Head All Day, Dry Cleaning [@, IA, IS]
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The Adults Are Talking, The Strokes [@, IA, IS]
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Too Much, Bonaparte [@, IA, IS]
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Life Sentence, J. Cole [@, IA, IS]
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Playing Classics, Water from Your Eyes [@, IA, IS]
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Yali Yali (Çay elinden öteye), Neşe Karaböcek [@, IA, IS]
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Sexy to Someone, Clairo [@, IA, IS]
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End Of The Page, Bulbous Creation [@, IA, IS]
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Books [@, #]
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Movies [@, #]
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Before the Rain [@, IA, IS]
My father has been recommending me this movie for a while, and I watched it before visiting North Macedonia. I cannot recommend it to that end, because the filming location is mostly coincidental to the story. Nevertheless, it is a well made movie with an interesting, cyclical narrative structure that touches on sensitive topics of how (religious) nationalism can corrupt people on an immediate, local level.
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It Was Just an Accident [@, IA, IS]
I watched the movie in the cinema as it came out and was absolutely blown away! Set in Iran, the story is fundamentally about an ethical dilemma between victims and perpetrators of the regime. The acting was superb and really pulled me in, leaving a lasting impression and an sincere recommendation to really anyone to watch the movie themselves.
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Visual Arts [@, #]
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David Brisson [@, IA, IS]
David Winslow Brisson (1930–1982) was an artist whose work dealt with visualization of mathematical structures, particularly four-dimensional geometry.
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Bauhaus [@, IA, IS]
This is the "Monoskop" Wiki article includes an extensive collection of books and articles by the members of Bauhaus.
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Other Webpages with Link [@, #]
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Sammlung Interessanter Webseiten [@, IA, IS]
This is my old bookmark page (in German), hosted by the computer lab of my undergraduate university. I don't want to copy over all the links directly, so I will try to keep the site as-is, but I might be copying certain links with additional comments, in an attempt to clean up and currate the collection.
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A Collection of Useful Links [@, IA, IS]
This collection might eventually turn into something useful, even if the technology behind it is primitive and endangered.
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